儒学在日本“自上而下”的传播路径及意义考察

A study on the Top-Down diffusion route of Confucianism in Japan and its significance

本文从社会阶层的视角考察日本儒学的传播路径,发现日本传播儒学是因为儒学本身的理论优越性及实用性符合日本统治阶层的政治利益。儒学,通过统治阶层的建章立制与教育灌输普及形成了一个落脚于上层、扎根于中层、普及于下层的"自上而下"的传播路径,从结果而言,儒学于日本的传播具有遍布面广、普及性高的特点,从而对构建国民素养和国民性起到了积极而巨大的作用。儒学之于日本真正的影响则源远流长,从开始作为统治方针受到贵族的接纳,到最终成为教育的核心理念,融入国民教养与素养以支撑近代日本。

This study examines the diffusion of Confucianism in Japan from the perspective of social class.The spread of Confucianism is undoubtedly linked to its theoretical remarkability,practicality and acceptability,which match the political interest of ruling class.Via administrative making rules and indoctrination,a top-down diffusion route,which is anchored in the upper class,rooted in the middle class and spread in the lower class,was formed.As a result,Confucianism spread widely and was highly accepted in Japan and had a significant role in constructing national morality and national characteristics.Exerting long-term and continuous influence on Japan,Confucianism was accepted by the aristocrats as ruling policy from the beginning,then became the core conception of education.It was integrated into the national literacy finally and supported modern Japan.