从社区服务看中日老龄化社会问题——以上海地区为例

Social problems of aging society in China and Japan from the perspective of community service——illustrated by the case of Shanghai

近年来随着我国社会经济的发展,人口老龄化问题日趋严峻,如何采取有效措施满足老年群体的需求、提高老年人的生活质量这一问题日益受到关注。老年人养老一般分为居家养老、社会养老、社区养老三种形式。受传统文化影响和经济条件限制,居家养老成为我国最主要的养老方式。同时,针对目前现状,我国政府提出了"以居家养老为主,社区养老为辅"的方针,但是在社区养老服务的具体措施方面目前还处于摸索阶段。日本先于我们步入老龄化社会,有很多成功的经验可以借鉴,本论文旨在分析中日老龄化问题和日本社区服务的基础上,结合上海市的情况对中日两国的老年社区服务进行比较,以期对我国解决老龄化社会问题提供参考与建议。

Recent years,with the rapid development of economy,China has stepped into aging society.How to effectively fulfill the needs of the aged and improve their quality of life has attracted increasing attention.In general,there are three approaches of taking care for the aged,which are home-based,society-based and community-based.Traditionally,because of the reasons of culture and economic condition,home-based care is the most widely used in China.In view of the current situation,Chinese government has put forward the guiding principle of"taking home-based care for the aged as the main approach,community-based as a supplement".However,specific measures for community-based care services are still in the exploratory stage.As it is known that Japan entered the aging society earlier than China,there is plenty of successful experience can be learnt from.Through the analysis of aging problem and the comparison of community-based care services in both countries,especially the case of Shanghai,practical suggestions to solve the problems of aging society in China are provided by this thesis.