国木田独步的疾病体验与文学书写

Kunikida Doppo’s disease experience and literary writing

国木田独步是日本近代文学史上因肺结核而英年早逝的代表作家之一。他在生病期间,也一直笔耕不辍。本文结合他的患病、治病经历,以书信、新闻报道等为线索和论据,对他这一时期创作的涉及肺结核的四篇小说进行了解读。《穷死》中的主人公是独步患病时期身心状态的投影,《往汤河原》《致首都的友人,来自B生》《渚》是独步治病疗养过程的文学记录。肺病带来的体力不支,让他无法完成长篇写作,这也是他以短篇小说见长的重要原因。

Kunikida Doppo is one of the representative writers died of tuberculosis at a young age in modern literature history of Japan.Though he was ill,he never stopped writing.Combining his experience of illness and treatment,with the letters and news reports and so on as the thread and evidence,this article interprets four of his short stories involving tuberculosis written at this time.The protagonist of Kyushi is the reflection of the condition of Doppo’s sick time.Yugawara Yuki,Miyako no tomo e B sei yori,Nagisa are the literary records of the process of his treatment.Due to his physical weakness caused by the lung disease,Doppo wasn’t able to complete novels,which is also the main reason why he excels in short stories.