《黄帝内经》推类方法的逻辑呈现与建构

Logical Presentation and Construction of Analogy in The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine

任何科学思维方式都是一定时代特定的社会历史与政治文化的产物,是人们的生产方式和生活境遇反映于人脑的认识过程和形式表达。先秦推类方法作为中国古代逻辑的主导推理类型,对中国传统文化与思想产生了重要影响。《黄帝内经》是中国古代医家长期医疗实践和医学经验的系统概括与总结,奠基了中医药学理论体系,由成书年代看,其理论形成的过程正是先秦诸子论辩、理论激荡、百家争鸣的过程,因此从认识的发生发展规律来说,无论是它的理论来源或是思想基础都无时无处不受中国传统文化形态的濡染与滋养,其思维方式也呈现出鲜明的"中国特征",成为其主要以推类方法认识生命与阐释医理的内在根据。

Any scientific way of thinking is the product of specific social history and political culture of a certain era,and also the cognitive process and formal expression of people’s mode of production and living conditions reflected in their brains.As the dominant type of reasoning in ancient Chinese logic,the method of analogy in pre-Qin days(usually referring to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period)had an important influence on Chinese traditional culture and thought.The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine was a systematic summary of the long-term medical practice and experiences of ancient Chinese doctors,which laid the foundation for the theoretical system of TCM.From the time of its completion,the formation of its theory was just the process of debates,theoretical agitation,and contention of a hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin days.Therefore,in terms of the law of occurrence and development of cognition,its theoretical origin and ideological basis were both constantly influenced and nurtured by the traditional Chinese culture,and its mode of thinking also presented a distinctive"Chinese characteristics".That’s why The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine became the internal basis for understanding life and interpreting medicine mainly by analogy.