鲁国世卿制与孔子的政治活动

The Shiqing System of Lu and Confucius’ Political Activities

孔子一生志于以其道易天下,因此了解孔子的政治活动对于理解他的思想有重要意义。孔子生活的年代,鲁国政局的特点是公室卑、三桓强。三桓是春秋时代鲁国的世卿,三桓专鲁政是孔子政治活动的大背景。南蒯、阳虎等人的叛乱,使季氏开始考虑抑制"旧式宗法家臣"的势力,擢拔非宗法性的才能之士为其所用,正是在这个背景下,孔子登上鲁国政治舞台。孔子主要的政治活动是夹谷之会和隳三都,隳三都失败后流亡国外。14年的流亡生涯,是孔子思想上趋于成熟的时期。

Confucius devoted all his life to changing the world with his way,so the understanding of his political activities is important to figure out his thoughts.In Confucius’day,Lu’s political situation was that the country was weak while three families were powerful.These three families were the Shiqing(hereditary nobility)of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.Three families’control of Lu was the background of Confucius’political activities.The rebellion of Nan Kuai and Yang Hu made the Jis begin to restrain the power of old patriarchal clan system retainers,and employ talented people who were not related to the old patriarchal clan system.It was under this background that Confucius emerged on the political stage of Lu.Confucius’major political activities were Jiagu meeting and"destroying"three capital cities.He had to exile abroad after the failure of"destroying"three capital cities.The 14-year exile was a period when Confucius’thought gradually developed.