明歌者張麗人《蓮香集》版本考論

A Study of the Editions of Anthology of Lotus Fragrance by Zhang Liren,a Singer of the Ming Dynasty

廣東文獻之秘籍《蓮香集》,四百年來爲世所重,而版本流傳之序,各家之説多有未安。本文考出本書凡經三刻,曰隆武原刻本、乾隆重刻本、道光複刻本。隆武原刻、道光複刻本均已佚,乾隆重刻本又分人名不缺之初印本及鏟削去部分人名之後印本,今惟後印本存世。本文據胡文楷鈔本確定乾隆重刻初印本之原貌,又比較談月色鈔本及三種後印補字本,而推得道光複刻本之大體面目。復據書中内證及陳蘭芝增1《嶺海名勝記》,推測出隆武原刻本編排次序與乾隆重刻本不同。最後揭示梁麟生父子重新編刻《蓮香集》,意在闡揚明末廣東義烈,表彰南園詩社“文章忠孝兩臻絶”之文化精神,並指出本書在乾隆、道光時的兩次重刊,廣東文士爲保存文獻而委曲求全,實具反抗清代文化鉗制之意義。

The Anthology of Lotus Fragrance(Lianxiang ji)is a collection of poems compiled for the famous singer Zhang Qiao(1615-1633)by Peng Rizhen in the first year of the Longwu Reign-period of the South Ming Dynasty(1645).The anthologized poems feature a common theme of patriotic sentiments,which has been valued for four hundred years.The study of the different editions of this book has long been absent in existing scholarship.In the present essay,we identify three different editions,namely(1)the original Longwu edition,(2)the reprint from the Qianlong reign-period(1736-1795),and(3)the re-carved edition from the Daoguang reign-period(1821-1850).Both the Longwu and Daoguang editions have been lost.There are two versions of the Qianlong reprinted edition:the first print contains all names,but in the second print some names were removed.Today,only the second print version is extant.This study takes Hu Wenkai’s胡文楷(ca.1899-1988)handwritten edition as a master copy to reconstruct the original look of the first print version of the Qianlong edition.This work enables us to reconstruct most of the content of the Daoguang edition through a comparison with the Tan Yuese manuscript and the other three later prints,in which the removed names are restored.In addition,through a study of the contents of Anthology of Lotus Fragrance and the enlarged version of Records of Renowned Resorts of Mountains and Seas by Chen Lanzhi(Qing dynasty),the present study also infers that the contents of the Longwu edition are arranged differently from that of the Qianlong edition.Finally,the present study reveals that the re-compilation and printing of Anthology of Lotus Fragrance by Liang Linsheng(1899-1981)and his son aimed to praise the righteous martyrs of Guangdong during the downfall of the Ming Dynasty and commend“the highest achievements in literature,loyalty and filial piety”of the Nanyuan poetry society.It also points out that the book was reprinted twice during the Qianlong and Daoguang eras and some Guangdong intellectuals suffered much in order to preserve these documents.This reveals the significance of their resistance against the Qing Dynasty’s cultural suppression.