東魏北齊鮮卑漢化的幾個跡象

Several Signs of Sinicization of Xianbei in the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties

學界多以"鮮卑化"來概括東魏北齊的文化特質,對此本文有另一面的想法。本文認爲東魏北齊鮮卑已逐漸漢化,表現在朝廷漢語的流行、鮮卑採用漢名、基層胡漢混居、國策由"重武"轉爲"尚文"、鮮卑後裔的"文質化"等幾個面向。可知漢文化對鮮卑的影響顯然不低,國策變爲"偃武修文"甚或是北齊滅亡的原因之一。

It is common practice to define the cultural features of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties(534-577)as“Xianbeicization”but the present study holds a different opinion.The sinicization process gradually took place among the Xianbei people in the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi.This observation is bolstered by certain facts,such as the popularization of the Han language at the imperial court of Xianbei;the adoption of Han names by Xianbei people;Han and Xianbei commoners living in the same neighborhood;the national policy laying more stress on cultural aspects than martial practice;and the civilization of decedents of Xianbei,etc.Clearly,the Han culture had a profound influence on Xianbei.To a certain extent,the change in national policy to cease military actions and promote culture and education may have caused the downfall of the Northern Qi.