宋元話本形態演進新探

New Views on the Evolution of the Novella the Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元時期"話本"一詞,作爲説話伎藝的文本化產物,應釋爲"故事傳本",即將故事按照一定次序組織起來的相對完整的口頭或書面傳本。宋元話本存在著從口頭傳本到書面文本,從簡本到繁本,從脚本式準話本、録本式話本到擬本式話本的演進態勢;擬本式話本還會經歷從文言擬本到白話擬本的發展脈絡。脚本式準話本,指尚無話本體式特徵但有爲説話伎藝而進行改編形跡的小説文本;録本式話本,指説話内容的記録加工本,從體式而言參差不齊但大都有説話伎藝痕跡;擬本式話本,乃是文人模擬説書口吻和話本體制,用文言體或者白話體編創而成的文本。從脚本到録本再到擬本,體現了話本從雛形到成型再到被模擬的演進邏輯,呈現出話本從粗糙到精緻、從民間發育到文人模擬的發展趨勢。

The novella(huaben)of the Song and Yuan Dynasties was a product of the write-up process of storytelling and should therefore be understood as a"story script,"a relatively complete oral or written text in which stories are organized in a certain order.The evolution of the Song-Yuan novella outlines the changes from the oral version to the written,from simple to complex,and from script to recording to simulation.This last change also saw a transformation in language,from literary to vernacular.These evolutions illustrate a paradigm of changes from basing the writing on the prototype to simulation and imitation.This shows the process of formation and mutation of this genre,from rough in form and style in the hands of folklore writers to refined literati simulation.