近百年来雷州民歌用韵演变研究

A Study on the Evolution of the Rhyme Used in Leizhou Folk Songs in the Near Century

清乾嘉以降,雷州民歌的体式成熟定型,形成了类似七绝、讲究格律的成熟体式。雷歌的基础方言是闽南话,雷歌的用韵体现了中原雅音和闽南方言融合的特点。随着入雷闽语以及雷歌演唱形式的演变,近百年来的雷歌用韵渐趋宽松、自由,由34韵逐渐合并为17韵的格局,而格律却渐趋严格、固定。考察清末流传至今的近万首雷歌,发现自20世纪50年代以来,一方面混韵现象增多,文读白读交杂通押,用韵渐宽;另一方面首句由可用阴平入韵,渐变为必用仄声入韵,格律渐严。总的来说,雷歌用韵的历史演变,充分体现了雷话与不同时期的官话及粤语的相持、竞争及相互影响。

After Qianjia of Qing Dynasty,Leizhou folk songs were mature and stereotyped,forming a mature style similar to the form of a four-line poem with seven characters to a line and a strict tond pattern.The basic dialect of Leige is Minnan dialect,and the rhyme of Leige embodies the characteristics of the fusion of the Central Plains Yayin and Minnan dialect.In recent hundred years,the rhyme of thunder song gradually becomes loose and free,gradually degenerates from 34 rhyme to 17 rhyme pattern,but the rhythm gradually becomes strict and fixed.On the one hand,the phenomenon of mixed rhyme has increased,and the rhyme has become wider and wider,and on the other hand,the rhythm first sentence has become more and more narrow.In general,the historical evolution of Leige rhyme fully reflects the relationship,competition and mutual influence between Lei dialect and the official language and Cantonese in different periods.