关于音乐本体论的美学辨析

Defending Platonic Ontology of Music

当代分析美学的一个前沿热点是音乐作品的本体论问题,美学家和哲学家们围绕音乐作品是何种类型的实体展开了激烈的"基础主义辩论",由此产生了两大流派:实在论阵营和反实在论阵营。根据努斯鲍姆的划分,实在论阵营又可以细分为柏拉图主义、依从性理论、连续性理论以及施行理论。我们认为,一个合格的音乐本体论应该满足音乐作品的可听性条件和可重复性条件。可听性条件保证我们听到的是音乐作品而非关于音乐作品的演奏,而可重复性条件则保证我们听到的是同一首音乐作品。基于此分析,依从性理论、连续性理论以及施行理论都不能对这两个条件给出具有足够解释力的回答。我们认同音乐作品的柏拉图主义观点,因为它可以满足上述两个条件。

One of the forefronts of contemporary analytical aesthetics is the ontological issue of musical works.Aestheticians and philosophers have launched a fierce"foundationalist debate"around what kind of entity a musical work is,and thus two major schools have emerged:the realism camp and the anti-realism camp.According to Nussbaum,realism can be subdivided into Platonism theory,compliance theory,continue theory,and performance theory.This paper argues that a qualified music-ontological view should satisfy the conditions of audibility and repeatability of musical works,while the condition of audibility guarantees that we hear the musical work and not about the performance of the musical work,while the condition of repeatability guarantees that we hear the same musical work,and the theory of compliance Neither the continuity theory nor the enactment theory can provide sufficient explanatory answers to these two conditions.As a result,this paper defended a Platonic view of musical ontology.