“怎样研究中国文学史”——20世纪上半叶文学史研究法的输入与借鉴

“How to Study the History of Chinese Literature”:The Input and Reference of Literary History Research Methods in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

纵观20世纪上半叶,"怎样研究中国文学史"一直得到文学史家的关注。由于中国本土缺乏系统的文学史理论,文学史方法论的相关论述主要源于西方,先后产生较大影响的理论有文学进化论、唯物史观等,理论家有泰纳、勃兰兑斯、朗松、盖尔多耶拉等。本文从文学史理论层面,分析文学史研究法在中国的输入以及国内文学史家在理论阐释方面对其的吸收与借鉴,从而探讨"输入学理"与知识转换之间的复杂关系。彼时"输入学理"或直接,或间接,接受者往往综合众家之说,相关论述大多只言片语,鲜有自成体系的方法,而且为满足一时之需,不能认识学理全貌,也难以发现其不足。

Throughout the first half of the 20 th century,“how to study the history of Chinese Literature”has always attracted the attentions of literary historians.Due to the lack of systematic theory of literary history in China,relevant discourses on the methodology literary history mainly comes from the West.The theories or theorists that have had a great influence successively include literary evolution,Taine,Brandes,Gustave Lanson,Keltuyala,historical materialism and so on.From the perspective of literary history theory,the paper analyzes the input of literary history research methods in China and the reference of domestic literary historians in theoretical interpretation,so as to explore the complex relationship between“Input Theory”and knowledge transformation.At that time,the“Input Theory”was either direct or indirect,and the recipients often integrated the opinions of many schools.Most of the related discussions were just a few words,and there were few self-contained methods.Moreover,in order to meet the needs of the moment,they could not understand the whole picture of the theory,and it was difficult to find its shortcomings.