“家”视野下隔代探望权的证立

On the Justification of Grandparents Visitation Right from the Perspective of“Family”

隔代探望权是祖父母基于与孙子女之间的近亲属关系而享有的独立的权利。从权利的证立理论出发,“家”视野下代际之间的“慈孝”伦理构成隔代探望利益较为重要的价值基础,该价值使孙子女的监护人负有不得阻碍以及予以协助的义务,这是隔代探望权的普遍性证立。“家”视野下,婚姻的解体并不自然地排除“家”原则所包含的“慈孝”义务,所以监护权并不当然地优先于隔代探望权。只有在“慈爱”伦理缺位、祖父母的权利行使会损害孙子女利益的情形中,即存在监护人为满足祖父母的利益而负担义务的反对理由时,隔代探望权才被排除,这是隔代探望权的区分性证立。

The grandparents visitation right is an independent right enjoyed by grandparents based on their close relatives with their grandchildren.Starting from the Justification Theory of right,the ethics of“five ethics”and“loving filial piety”in Chinese traditional culture can be used as the independent value basis for the justification of“grandparents visitation right”.Therefore,the guardian of the grandchild has the obligation not to obstruct and assist,which constitutes the universal justification of the right to grandparents visitation.From the perspective of“family”,the dissolution of marriage does not naturally exclude the filial duty implied by the family principle,so the guardianship right does not naturally take precedence over the grandparents visitation right.However,only in the absence of“loving filial piety”,when there is a conflict reason that grandparents have not established a positive relationship with their grandchildren,and visiting will harm their grandchildren's interests,the guardianship of minors'parents can exclude the right to grandparents visitation.This constitutes the discrimination justification of the grandparents visitation right.