单边人权制裁的合法性审视——以信息和通信技术产业为视角

Review of the Legality of Unilateral Human Rights Sanctions——A Perspective on Information and Communication Technology Industry

单边制裁已经成为美国推行外交政策目标和实现国家利益需求的常用工具。近年来,美国针对中国信息和通信技术产业的人权制裁频发,其中即隐藏着限制中国科技发展的真实意图。美国单边人权制裁的多种限制措施不仅欠缺国际法的实施依据,而且对国际法基本原则、国际法下的相关义务和行为准则以及管辖权原则都构成了违反。对美国单边人权制裁机制进行解读并审视其合法性,可以为中国采取反制措施提供有力依据。为了削减单边制裁对技术进步产生的消极影响,中国应使社会各界的不同主体共同参与到构建有效对抗机制的过程中,从法律制度建设、科技创新合作等不同角度,同时采取积极的应对措施。

Unilateral sanctions have become a common tool for the United States to pursue foreign policy goals and achieve national interest needs.In recent years,the U.S.has frequently imposed human rights sanctions against China's ICT industry,which conceals the real intention of restricting China's technological development.The various restrictive measures of unilateral U.S.human rights sanctions not only lack the basis for implementation under international law,but also constitute violations of the basic principles of international law,relevant obligations and codes of conduct under international law,and the principle of jurisdiction.An interpretation of the U.S.unilateral human rights sanctions mechanism and an examination of its legality can provide a strong basis for China to take countermeasures.In order to reduce the negative impact of unilateral sanctions on technological progress,China should involve different subjects from all walks of life in the process of building an effective countermeasure,and take active countermeasures from different perspectives,such as legal system construction and cooperation in science and technology innovation,at the same time.