作为法律原则的基本权规范研究

Study of Constitutional Right Norms as Legal Principles

基本权的效力问题,尤其是第三人效力问题的研究,应该首先从基本权规范的性质开始。从语义学的角度来看,所谓基本权规范就是基本权规范性陈述(规范语句)的意义。通过经验性标准和规范性标准的检验,基本权规范包括直接表述基本权内容和具有保障基本权内容的条款,以及宪法没有明文规定的衍生的基本权规范。基本权规范是具有原则性质的规范,其适用方式是衡量。个别基本权所保障者为初显性的权利,在个案中必须与其他的基本权原则进行衡量,才能得到确定的基本权保护范围。基本权原则规范的衡量模式,是通过基于原则最佳化命题的碰撞法则和衡量公式实现的,这可能存在一定的问题。

The study of the effect of constitutional rights,especially the third party,s effect,should begin with the nature of constitutional right norms firstly.According to the semantic concept of norms,the concept of constitutional right norms will be defined as the meaning of constitutional right normative statement(normative provisions).Constitutional right norms include those provisions expressing directly constitutional rights,protecting constitutional rights(associated orbiting provisions),and derivative constitutional right norms that are not expressed.Constitutional right norms with features of principles are applied by balancing.Rights that are protected by the individual constitutional right norm are prima facie rights,which will be definite by balancing with other constitutional right priciples.The formula of balancing of constitutional right norms are to be achieved by the rule of conflict and the weight formula basing on optimizing commands,which may lead to some problems.