刑事缺席审判程序中的被告人权利保障——以法律的正当程序为视角

The Rights Protection of the Defendants in the Trial Procedure of Criminal Default:From the Perspective of Due Process of Law

刑事缺席审判程序因改变传统的控、辩、审三方齐备式的诉讼构造,可能因被告人之庭审缺位而带来权利保障措施旁落,进而冲击正当程序项下的若干原则与规范而备受疑义。立足于刑事诉讼制度乃至整个司法制度变革的时代语义,对刑事缺席审判制度的探讨不应单纯囿于正当程序对常态对席审判范式的基本框定,不能以可能带来的不利后果作为制度诟病的必然论据,而是应当以一种理性、中立的立场,回归制度原点,寻求刑事缺席审判制度所涉的基本原理,回应缺席被告人权利必然旁落的诸多质疑,并以此为基础辩证思考,从制度功能、价值预设与既有规范完善两个维度演绎归纳出时代语境下此一制度以强化缺席被告人之权利保障为重心的规范建构、制度运行以及内外圆融自洽的内在逻辑。

Due to the change of the traditional trial system of accusation,debate and trial,the trial by default may reduce the rights of protection measures due to the absence of trial by default,and thus the impact of certain principles and rules under the due process.Based on the criminal procedure system and the reform of the entire judicial system,the discussion of the criminal trial system should not be simply stipulated by the basic procedures of the normal procedure for the normal trial paradigm,and cannot be countered by the possible adverse consequences.We should based on a rational and neutral attitude,return to the original point of the system,seek the basic principles involved in trial by default,respond to the many doubts that the absent defendant’s rights are bound to fall,and use this as a basis for dialectical thinking.From the two dimensions of function,value presupposition and system normative perfection,the internal logic of trial by default in the context of the times to strengthen the protection of absent defendant’s rights is the normative construction,system operation,internal and external harmony and self-consistency.