旧石器时代遗址中出土的赭石及相关遗物的研究方法

Research methods for ochre and related relics unearthed from Paleolithic sites

赭石是考古发现中一类较为常见的矿物颜料。遗址中的矿物颜料研究对于解读中更新世以来人类行为的演化与发展以及人群的迁徙和交流互动具有重要意义。目前,我国出土和被识别的赭石相关考古发现日益增多,但研究程度还有待深入,旧石器时代考古发现中相关材料的识别和解读较为有限。如何综合利用多学科测试分析方法建立起完善的研究方案,深度挖掘赭石颜料利用所指示的人类行为发展模式和民族学意义,还需要我们进行系统性地总结和思考。因此,本文通过梳理现有的考古学、地球物理、地球化学和民族学等各领域的国内外研究成果,归纳了旧石器时代考古遗址中出土的赭石及相关遗物的主要研究内容——成分定性、产地溯源和加工技术分析,以及各自适用的分析方法。综合多项研究案例,我们认为在性质、产地和技术分析的基础上,需要结合民族学方法、生态环境背景才能更有效地解读和复原史前人类的行为模式及社会学、民族学意义。

Ochre is one of the most common mineral pigments in archaeological studies.The current archaeological evidence suggests that the use of ochre became more common since 100 ka years ago,which was important for human adaptation to the more drastic environmental changes and the continuous interaction of social culture network.Recently,more and more archaeological remains related to ochre-using have been unearthed and identified in China,however,the research work needs to be further developed.Therefore,how to make comprehensive use of various test schemes to deeply explore the development pattern and ethnological significance of human behavior indicated by the ochre pigment needs us to make a systematic summary.In this paper,referring to the international studies in the fields of archaeology,geophysics and chemistry,ethnology and so on,we concluded the main parts of paleolithic age archaeological ochre analysis asthe qualitative chemical composition,analysis of provenance,and operational technology.The multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis on archaeological remains of ochre using is a potential research field,hitherto,the examples of domestic ochre using is still limited.