生物考古所见两周时期官庄聚落的人群与社会

Population and society in Guanzhuang settlement during Zhou Dynasty based on bioarchaeological perspective

本文从生物考古视角探讨官庄聚落两周时期的人群与社会状况。官庄聚落农业经济较为发达,农田管理和农业生产水平较高,手工业经济较为兴盛,存在多种类的手工业作坊。聚落内社会等级分化明显,人群构成较为复杂,这些社会状况都在人群食物结构上有所反映。贵族阶层具有最高的δ^(15)N值,食用较多的肉食资源;平民阶层δ^(15)N值都偏低,显示较低的动物蛋白摄取。不同葬俗的群体在饮食结构方面差异明显:直肢葬群体主要以C_(4)类食物为主,与同样采用直肢葬的贵族阶层较为一致,官庄墓葬以直肢葬为主,这一群体应是官庄聚落土著居民;相较于直肢葬群体,屈肢葬群体食用了更多的C_(3)类植物,从个别屈肢葬个体食用水稻这一官庄聚落并未种植的C_(3)类作物来看,屈肢葬群体流动性较大,有可能为外来群体。官庄聚落人群构成复杂的状况,应与区域内西周晚期到春秋早期较为动荡的社会政治环境有一定关系。

This paper aims to investigate the population and society in Guanzhuang settlement during Zhou Dynasty in the core area of Central Plains based on bioarchaeological perspective.Crop cultivation and livestock were flourishing.Cropland management and agricultural production were at a higher level.Bone manufacture became specialized and was conducted in a certain workshop.Social stratification existed in Guanzhuang settlement and composition of residents was complex.These social conditions affected the population diet in Guanzhuang settlement.The nobility had higherδ^(15)N value and ate more meat compared with civilians with lowerδ^(15)N value.Civilians with different burial customs had differences in the diet:People with extended supine burial relied on C_(4) food,but people with flexed burial ate more C_(3) food.Some people with flexed burail even ate rice which was not cultivated in Guanzhuang settlement.This situation indicates that people with flexed burial had high mobility and may be external population.Complexity in population structure was related to the social and political turbulence during the late Western Zhou Dynasty to early Spring and Autumn Period.