可可西里湖泊群立体监测技术方法及应用

Stereoscopic monitoring method and its application in Hoh Xil lake group, Tibetan Plateau

高原地区的湖泊自然、地理、气候条件恶劣,常位于人烟稀少的无人区,实地获取湖泊的基础数据十分困难。为了解决高原地区湖泊的水资源、水环境、水灾害的监测、评价、研究等方面比较滞后的问题,以青海省可可西里地区盐湖流域为研究区域,建立空-天-地-水一体化立体监测集成系统,获取盐湖湖泊全方位的基础数据,并对可可西里盐湖的面积、水位、容积及湖泊潜在溢出路径等进行分析与预测。结果表明:盐湖湖泊面积从2015年1月的147.41 km^2增长至2018年12月的196.27 km^2,4 a期间增长面积达48.86 km^2,增长率达24.9%;湖泊容积由19.116亿m^3增长至33.878亿m^3,4 a期间增长容积达14.762亿m^3,增长率达43.6%。通过建立基于高原湖泊的空-天-地-水一体化立体监测系统,获取高精度的高原地区湖泊的基础数据,能为可可西里盐湖流域的水资源管理与生态环境保护提供数据基础和决策支撑。

Plateau lakes have poor natural,geographical and climatic conditions,and locate in sparsely populated areas,so it is very difficult to obtain basic data in the field.In order to solve the problems of monitoring,evaluating and researching on water resources,water environment and water disasters in the plateau lakes,this paper takes the salt lake basin in the Hoh Xil of Qinghai Province as the research area,an aerial-space-earth-water integrated stereoscopic monitoring system was established to obtain all-round basic data of the salt lake.The area,water level,volume and potential overflow path of the lake were analyzed and predicted.The results show that the area of salt lakes increased from 147.41 km^2 in January 2015 to 196.27 km^2 in December 2018.Over the four-year period,the area increased by 48.86 km^2,with a growth rate of 24.9%.The volume of lakes increased from 1.9116 billion m^3 to 3.3878 billion m^3.Over the four-year period,the growth volume reached 1.4762 billion m^3,with a growth rate of 43.6%.By establishing an aerial-space-earth-water integrated stereoscopic monitoring system for plateau lakes,high-precision basic data of plateau lakes can be obtained to provide data foundation and decision support for water resources management and ecological environment protection in the Hoh Xil salt lake basin.