日本电力体制改革30年:现状、问题与启示

The Thirty Years’ Reform in Japanese Electric Industry:Situation,Problems and Policy Implications

截至2019年8月,日本电力体制改革基本实现了"放开发售两侧、管住中间输配"的总体框架,进入政策微调阶段。回顾日本近30年的电力体制改革历程,其电价呈总体下降趋势,为改善营商环境做出了贡献;另一方面,福岛核泄漏事故的发生与电力体制改革又有着不可分割的因果关系。尽管日本电力产业仍面临零售市场无法形成有效竞争、市场化改革与其他政策协调不当等诸多问题,但其最大限度地通过市场机制实现改革目标、辅助新设售电公司提高市场竞争力、确保输配电部门的竞争中性等做法值得研究,对优化中国新一轮电力体制改革有借鉴意义。

By August 2019,Japan’s electric power system reform has basically built up the overall framework of"liberalizing both sides of supply and sale and controlling the process of transmission and distribution",and entered the stage of minor policy adjustment.Reviewing Japan’s electric power system reform in the past 30 years,it can be found that Japan has made a contribution to improving the business environment by gradually cutting down the electricity price while ensuring the quality of power supply.However,the accident of Fukushima nuclear power leakage,which caused huge losses,has an inseparable causation with Japan’s power system reform.Although faced with many problems such as the inability of retail market to form effective competition and the improper coordination of market-oriented reform and other policies,Japan’s policies of maximizing the realization of reform objectives through market mechanism,assisting new power companies to improve market competitiveness and ensuring competitive neutrality in the transmission and distribution sector is worth studying and can provide some policy implication for the new round of reform in China’s electric power industry.