2017-2021年广州市孕妇乙肝和梅毒及艾滋病的流行情况分析

Analysis on epidemiology of hepatitis B,syphilis and AIDS among pregnant women in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2021

目的分析2017-2021年广州市孕妇中乙型肝炎病毒、梅毒螺旋体及人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的感染情况,为防控母婴传播的传染病提供依据。方法收集2017年1月1日-2021年12月31日在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心进行产检的孕妇共98762例,采用酶联免疫吸附法分别检测孕妇血清中的乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)、乙肝e抗原、乙肝e抗体、乙肝核心抗体、梅毒抗体、HIV抗体7项指标,并对结果进行分析。结果孕妇HBsAg阳性率为7.58%,HBsAb阳性率为72.36%,梅毒抗体阳性率为0.18%,HIV抗体阳性率为0.01%,其中合并感染较少,仅有乙肝合并梅毒感染,阳性率为0.02%。2017-2021年广州市孕妇中HBsAg的阳性率较高,但呈逐年降低趋势,差异有统计学意义(Z=268.090,P<0.001)。随孕妇年龄增长乙肝阳性率逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(Z=412.710,P<0.001);孕妇乙肝感染以“小三阳”的模式为主,占比高达71.28%,其次是“大三阳”,占比高达22.45%。结论所有孕妇产前均应进行乙肝、梅毒和艾滋病等传染病的检测,以达到优生优育的目标。

Objective The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases that could be transmitted from mother to child,by analyzing the infection situation of hepatitis B,treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)among pregnant women in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2021.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collected a total of 98762 pregnant women who had prenatal examination in the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 1,2017 to December 31,2021.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B surface antibody,hepatitis B e antigen,hepatitis B e antibody,hepatitis B core antibody,treponema pallidum antibody and HIV antibody in these serums of pregnant women.Results The test results showed that the positive rates for hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B surface antibody,syphilis antibody and HIV antibody were 7.58%,72.36%,0.18%and 0.01%,respectively.And only the co-infection of hepatitis B and syphilis was found,with a detection rate of 0.02%.Besides,the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen among pregnant women in Guangzhou was relatively high in recent five years,but there was a trend of decreasing year by year(Z=268.090,P<0.001).And the detection rate was gradually increasing with the increase of pregnant women's age(Z=412.710,P<0.001).Furthermore,up to 71.28%of hepatitis B infections in pregnant women were HBsAg,HBeAb,and HBcAb test positive and 22.45%of them were HBsAg,HBeAg,and HBcAb test positive.Conclusion According to the study,all pregnant women should have prenatal tests for these hepatitis B,syphilis and AIDS,to achieve the goal of good prenatal and postnatal care.