2020-2021年广州市白纹伊蚊抗药性监测与杀虫剂使用情况分析

Monitoring of drug resistance of Aedes albopictus and the pesticide use in Guangzhou from 2020 to 2021

目的了解广州市11个行政区白纹伊蚊成蚊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性水平,为合理使用杀虫剂提供科学依据。方法采用国标《蚊虫抗药性检测方法生物测定法》(GB/T 26347-2010)中的诊断剂量法之成蚊接触法对2020-2021年采自全市各区的野外白纹伊蚊幼虫在实验室饲养后进行检测。另采用问卷调查方法对2019年广州市病媒生物防治相关单位(疾病预防控制中心、爱卫办、街道消杀站、PCO公司等)使用卫生杀虫剂的种类、数量等情况进行调查。结果广州市11个行政区的白纹伊蚊成蚊接触0.07%高效氯氟氰菊酯、0.4%高效氯氰菊酯、0.08%高效氯氰菊酯、0.03%溴氰菊酯、0.4%氯菊酯、0.05%残杀威、0.2%噁虫威、0.2%杀螟硫磷、0.5%马拉硫磷、2%毒死蜱的药膜1 h后,其24 h死亡率分别为9%~76%、10%~87%、6%~70%、2%~79%、8%~68%、92%~100%、88%~100%、87%~100%、86%~100%、96%~100%。对拟除虫菊酯类药物呈抗性水平者占95%,可能抗性水平者占5%。对氨基甲酸酯类药物呈可能抗性水平者占41%,敏感水平者占59%。对有机磷类药物呈可能抗性水平者占27%,敏感水平者占73%。近年来广州市使用的杀虫剂以拟除虫菊酯类为主。结论广州市白纹伊蚊成蚊普遍对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂呈抗性,考虑与近年来该类杀虫剂使用量大有关。白纹伊蚊防制应坚持综合治理原则,科学合理使用杀虫剂,以延缓抗药性发展。

Objective To study the adult Aedes albopictus resistance status to frequently-used pesticides in 11 districts of Guangzhou,and provide a scientific basis for the rational use of pesticides.Methods The larvae of A.albopictus were collected from 2020 to 2021 from 11 districts in Guangzhou and brought back to the laboratory for rearing,and then were tested with the adult contact tube method of national standard-Test methods of mosquito resistance to insecticide Bioassay methods(GB/T 26347,2010).Questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the types and quantity of sanitary pesticides used by relevant units of vector control in Guangzhou in 2019.Results Following exposure of adult A.albopictus to lambda cyhalothrin(0.07%),beta-cypermethrin(0.4%),beta-cypermethrin(0.08%),deltamethrin(0.03%),cypermethrin(0.4%),propoxur(0.05%),bendiocarb(0.2%),fenitrothion(0.2%),malathion(0.5%),chlorpyrifos(2%)for 1 hour,the 24 hour mortality rates of adult A.albopictus were 9%-76%,10%-87%,6%-70%,2%-79%,8%-68%,92%-100%,88%-100%,87%-100%,86%-100%and 96%-100%,respectively.95%of the population were resistant to pyrethroids insecticides and the 5%were suspicious resistant.The proportion of suspicious resistance and sensitivity to carbamates insecticides were 41%and 59%,respectively.The proportion of suspicious resistance and sensitivity to organophosphorus insecticides were 27%and 73%,respectively.In recent years,pyrethroids were the main insecticides used in Guangzhou.Conclusion s Adult A.albopictus in Guangzhou were generally resistant to pyrethroid insecticides,which might be related to the high use of pyrethroid insecticides in recent years.The control of A.albopictus should adhere to the principle of comprehensive treatment,and pesticides should be used scientifically and reasonably so as to delay the development of insecticide resistance.