2015-2020年郑州市乙脑网络监测实验室确诊病例分析

Epidemiological analysis of laboratory confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis in Zhengzhou city from 2015 to 2020

目的分析2015-2020年郑州市乙脑网络监测实验室确诊病例监测结果,为科学防控乙脑提供依据。方法对乙脑疑似病例进行IgM抗体检测,分析确诊病例的流行特征。结果2015-2020年郑州市乙脑网络监测实验室收集272例乙脑疑似病例,经实验室确诊139例。2016年确诊病例最多占42.45%(59/139)。确诊病例集中在8-9月占89.21%(124/139),历年确诊病例高峰时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2015-2020年男性病例构成比分别为66.67%(6/9)、59.32%(35/59)、59.09%(13/22)、50.00%(11/22)、100.00%(2/2)和32.00%(8/25),2020年女性确诊病例约为男性的2倍。确诊病例年龄5个月~87岁,以5~<15岁中小学生最多占51.08%(71/139),2015-2019年<15岁年龄组构成比分别为77.78%、66.10%、68.18%、22.72%和0.00%,整体呈下降趋势,2020年升至60%。<15岁、15~<40岁、≥40岁年龄组各年间分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.243,P<0.01)。结论2020年郑州市乙脑网络监测实验室确诊病例高峰时间向后推移,性别分布由男性病例向女性病例转移,<15岁年龄组构成有上升趋势。建议郑州市乙脑防控加强儿童乙脑疫苗的查漏补种,持续开展乙脑病例监测和流行病学调查。

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis(JE)in Zhengzhou JE Network Monitoring Laboratory from 2015 to 2020,and provide the basis for scientific prevention and control of JE.Method The suspected cases of JE were tested for IgM antibody,and the epidemic characteristics of confirmed cases were analyzed.Results A total of 272 suspected cases of JE were collected from 2015 to 2020 in Zhengzhou JE Network Monitoring Laboratory;of which,139 cases were confirmed by the laboratory.The number of confirmed cases in 2016accounted for 42.45%(59/139).Confirmed cases were concentrated in August-September accounting for 89.21%(124/139).There was a significant difference in the peak time of confirmed cases over the years(P<0.01).From 2015 to2020,the proportion of male cases was 66.67%(6/9),59.32%(35/59),59.09%(13/22),50.00%(11/22),100.00%(2/2)and32.00%(8/25),respectively.The number of confirmed cases in women in 2020 was about twice as high as in men.The age of the confirmed cases was 5 months to 87 years old,and 51.08%(71/139)of primary and secondary school students aged 5to<15 years old.From 2015 to 2019,the composition ratios of the<15 years old group were 77.78%,66.10%,68.18%,22.72%and 0.00%,respectively.The overall trend was declining(60%in 2020).There were significant differences in the distribution among the age groups of<15 years old,15-<40 years old,and≥40 years old(χ~2=30.243,P<0.01).Conclusions In 2020,the peak time of confirmed cases of JE in Zhengzhou JE Network Monitoring Laboratory was moved backwards,and the gender distribution was transferred from male cases to female cases,and the age group<15 years old showed an upward trend.It was suggested that the prevention and control of JE in Zhengzhou should strengthen the missing and reseeding of JE vaccine in children,and continue to carry out surveillance and epidemiological investigation of JE cases.