深圳东部地区儿童肺炎支原体感染的特点分析

Epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children of eastern Shenzhen

目的探讨深圳东部地区儿童肺炎支原体(MP)在不同性别、不同年龄、不同类型呼吸系统疾病中的检出情况及季节分布特性。方法通过PCR结合分子探针技术对2017年2月至2019年1月深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院就诊的8161例患儿进行MP核酸检测。结果深圳东部地区儿童MP阳性检出率为8.41%(686/8161),感染多集中在婴幼儿期(1个月至3岁)(574例)。婴儿期(1~12个月)女性患儿的阳性率(9.84%)显著高于男性(7.21%),幼儿期(1~3岁)男性患儿阳性率(12.01%)显著高于女性(7.06%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MP-DNA阳性患儿中诊断为上呼吸道感染的比例最高,占42.13%,其次是肺炎(14.29%)、支气管炎(8.45%)。2017、2018年春、夏、秋三季的MP阳性检出率(8.21%、8.39%、12.11%;7.79%、9.95%、9.63%)显著高于冬季(4.34%、5.86%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论深圳东部地区MP感染全年可见,冬季少发,婴儿期女童和幼儿期男童为其易感人群,以上呼吸道感染较为常见。临床上需结合本地区MP流行病学特点积极开展相应的预防策略。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)in children of eastern Shenzhen.Method A total of 8161 children who were admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to January2019 were tested for MP-DNA by PCR combined with molecular probe technique.Results The positive detection rate of children’s MP in eastern Shenzhen was 8.41%(686/8161),and the infection was mostly concentrated in the period of infants and early childhood(1 month to 3 years old).The positive rate of female children(9.84%)in infancy(1 month to 1 year old)was higher than that of male(7.21%)at the same age group,and the positive detection rate of male children(12.01%)in early childhood(1 to 3 years old)was significantly higher than that of female children(7.06%)in the same age group(P<0.05).The proportion of upper respiratory infection among MP-DNA positive children was the highest,accounting for 42.13%,followed by pneumonia(14.29%)and bronchitis(8.45%).The positive rate of MP in spring,summer and autumn(8.21%,8.39%,12.11%;7.79%,9.95%,9.63%)was significantly higher than that in winter(4.34%,5.86%)(P<0.05).Conclusions MP infection was common throughout the year in eastern Shenzhen and rarely occurred in winter.Infant girls and early childhood boys were the susceptible population.Upper respiratory infections were more common.Clinically,it was necessary to actively carry out corresponding prevention strategies in accordance with the epidemiological characteristics of MP in the region.