1950-2018年广州市疟疾防治效果分析

Analysis of malaria control and prevention in Guangzhou city from 1950 to 2018

目的分析总结广州市1950年来疟疾流行动态和特征,评价防控措施和效果。方法收集1950-2018年广州市疟疾发病情况、控制措施及防治效果资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果广州市69年间共报告疟疾421441例,20世纪50年代初期疟疾曾暴发流行,年发病率超过了1000/10万,其中1954年发病率高达2887.98/10万;70、80年代疫情逐渐被控制,年均发病率下降至10/10万以下。防治历程分为暴发流行、局部流行、稳定控制、疫情反复和消除疟疾5个阶段,每个阶段采用不同的防治措施,通过多部门合作,同时建立了完善发热病人血检和媒介监测网,自2009年起已无本地感染疟疾病例,2017年顺利实现消除疟疾目标。结论经过多年的疟疾防治工作,广州市实现了消除疟疾目标,但影响疟疾发生的自然和社会因素仍然存在,且输入性病例不断增多,因此应加强多部门合作,控制输入性疟疾病例,杜绝继发病例发生。

Objective To analyze epidemiological status and features of malaria since 1950,and evaluate the control measures.Methods The data of the epidemic situation of malaria,effectiveness of control and prevention measures in Guangzhou from 1950 to 2018 were collected and analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology.Results In 1950-2018,421441 cases of malaria were reported.The malaria was highly epidemic during the early 1950 s and the annual morbidity was 10000 per million and the highest one was 28879.8 per million in 1954.The epidemic was brought under control in the 1970 s and 1980 s,and control process was divided into five stages:outbreak,local epidemic,stability control,reversal of epidemic and elimination.Different measures were adopted at each stage,and through multi-section cooperation;the monitoring network was established for blood test for fever patients and mosquitoes.There were no local infected malaria cases since 2009 and it reached the goal of malaria elimination in 2017.Conclusion After many years of prevention and treatment,malaria was eradicated in Guangzhou,however,the natural and social factors that affect malaria still exist and the number of imported cases is increasing.Therefore,multi-sectional cooperation should be strengthen to control malaria cases and prevent the occurrence of secondary cases.