云南省丽江鼠疫自然疫源地研究现状及展望

Research status and prospect of the Natural Plague Foci in Lijiang,Yunnan

鼠疫是一种发病急、传播快、病死率高、传染性强的自然疫源性人兽共患病。鼠疫在自然界的存在是以鼠疫菌、宿主动物和媒介之间相互作用为基础,并在一定生物地理环境条件下自然进化形成的鼠疫生物地理群落,即鼠疫自然疫源地。丽江鼠疫自然疫源地的发现和证实,是云南鼠疫防治研究工作中的又一重要突破,目前,该疫源地范围不断扩大,鼠间鼠疫流行处于持续活跃状态,防控形势非常严峻。本文根据2005—2019年对丽江玉龙鼠疫自然疫源地历次现场调查、监测资料和相关研究文献,对该疫源地的范围、流行特点、宿主媒介生态学以及病原体特征研究进行概述,分析防治和研究中存在的问题,为该疫源地的监测防控及后续研究提供一些思考和方向。

Plague is an acute,rapid spread,high fatality rate and strong infectious source of natural zoonosis.The existence of plague in nature is based on the interaction between plague bacteria,host animals and vectors,and the natural evolution of plague biogeographic community under certain biogeographic environment conditions,namely the natural plague foci.The discovery and confirmation of the natural plague foci in Lijiang is another important breakthrough in the research on plague prevention and control in Yunnan province.At present,the plague foci has been expanding in scope,and the plague epidemic among rats is in a continuous active state,so the prevention and control situation is very serious.Based on the field investigations,monitoring data and relevant research literatures of Yulong natural plague foci from 2005 to 2019,this paper comprehensively reviews the scope,epidemic characteristics,host vector ecology and pathogen characteristics of the focus,analyzes the existing problems of prevention and control,aims to provide some thoughts and directions for the monitoring prevention and control and further research of the plague foci.