中国艾滋病感染现状及安全套的使用

HIV infection and condom use in China

艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的以破坏人体免疫系统为特征的一种死率极高的乙类传染病,最常见的传播途径是性行为和共用注射器,目前尚无根除HIV的治疗手段。高艾滋病病毒感染率不仅给个人,家庭和社会带来沉重的疾病负担,也造成了医疗资源的巨大浪费。安全套是预防性传播艾滋病感染的最安全、便捷、有效的方法。在我国,性传播途径是艾滋病最主要的传播方式,而艾滋病病毒感染者和高危人群的安全套使用率较低。为了有效遏制艾滋病病毒在人群中的传播,本文总结了我国艾滋病感染的流行现状及三间分布特征,详细介绍了艾滋病高危人群的安全套使用情况,以期为我国艾滋病的预防和控制提供参考。

AIDS is achronic incurable class B infectious disease with a very high mortality rate caused by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).The most common route of transmission is by sexual activity and sharing syringes.High HIV prevalence not only brings heavy disease burden to individuals,families and society,but also causes wasting of medical resources.Condom is the safest,most convenient and effective way to prevent sexually transmitted HIV infection.In China,HIV is mostly transmitted by sexual behavior,while the rate of condom use amongpeople living with HIV and high-risk population is not high.In order to effectively curb the spread of HIV,this article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in China and the prevalence of condom use among high-risk populations,providing direction for HIV/AIDS prevention and control in China.