世界一流学科需要什么样的办学理念与制度结构——来自案例大学工程学科的实证分析

What Kind of Educational Philosophy and System Structure Are Needed for World-class Disciplines:An Empirical Analysis based on the Engineering Discipline infour Case Universities

世界一流学科的成长状况并非单纯取决于学科本身,它还离不开大学组织层面的理念与制度保障。运用多案例比较研究中的求同法,对四所拥有世界一流工程学科的研究性大学进行深度分析,旨在揭示世界一流学科需要什么样的办学理念与制度结构。研究表明,多元化的办学理念始终是引领世界一流学科成长的指南针,主要体现为研究导向、协同发展、融合创新、学术创业。包容性的制度基础是世界一流学科在跨学科、实践型、创业型的学科系统环境卓越成长的基本保障,主要包括治理体系、研究和培养制度、教学和学习支持系统、基层学术组织制度。回应当前的学科建设工作,中国大学需要借鉴世界一流大学的理念和制度,但更加需要结合办学实际创生可持续发展的本土经验,建构符合知识生产规律的学科生态群落,重新塑造学科系统结构以引领未来大学时代的学科发展模式。

The growth of world-class disciplines does not simply depend on the discipline itself,but also on the organizational and institutional levels of the university.Using the method of finding common themesthrough the comparative study of multiple cases,an in-depth analysis of four research universities,all with world-class engineering discipline,aims to reveal what kind of educational philosophy and institutional structure are needed for world-class disciplines.Studies have shown that the diversified school philosophy has always been a compass to lead the growth of world-class disciplines,mainly reflected in research orientation,collaborative development,integration and innovation,and academic entrepreneurship.The inclusive system foundation is the basic guarantee for the outstanding growth of world-class disciplinary disciplines in an interdisciplinary,practical,and entrepreneurial disciplinary system environment,including governance system,research and training system,teaching and learning support system,and basic academic unit system.In the construction of world-class disciplines,Chinese universities need to learn from the concepts and systems of worldclass universities,but more importantly theyneed to combine the local experience to enable sustainable development,build an ecological disciplinary community that conforms to the laws of knowledge production,and reshape the structure of the discipline system with the aim to lead university development in the future.