美国地方学区管理机制研究

Research on the Management Mechanism of American Local School Districts

美国地方学区管理是美国独具特色的公立学校管理形式,也是美国民主的重要表现形式之一,为美国社会的发展做出了应有的贡献。随着社会结构和需求的变化,美国地方学区管理模式的合法性和有效性也受到诸多质疑与挑战。为此,本文从地方学区董事会成员组成、地方学区董事会与学监的运行机制、当前学区董事会面临的主要挑战以及为此所做的改革等方面分析美国地方学区的管理机制,尝试以客观、公正的形式揭开美国地方学区管理机制的面纱,为进一步了解、认识这一机制提供参考。

Local school district management is a unique form of public school management in the United States.It is also one of the important manifestations of American democracy and has made due contributions to the development of American society.With the change of social structure and demand,the legitimacy and validity of the management model of local school districts in the United States have also been questioned and challenged.This paper analyses the management mechanism of local school districts in the United States from the following aspects:the members of local school boards,the operating mechanism of local schoolboards and superintendents,the main challenges faced by local school districts and the reforms made in response to this challenge.In doing so,this paper tries to unveil the management mechanism of local school districts in an objective and fair way andprovidea reference for the further learning and understanding of this mechanism.