南京国民政府时期的大学易长风潮与府学关系

The Wave of Changing Presidents and the Relationship between the Government and Universities in the Period of Nanjing National Government

大学易长风潮研究,是考察南京国民政府时期中央政府与大学关系的重要视角。在1930年前后遍发全国的易长风潮中,学生是府学双方争夺的重要力量。府学间的斗争或僵持,致使大学出现校长频繁更迭或数月间无人掌校的局面。学术独立与党化教育的冲突、国立化进程中的府学博弈和校长的"地方性"特征以及学界派系纠葛是引发风潮的主要原因。通过分析数起风潮发现,中央政府治理大学的策略由强硬逐渐转向柔和,地方势力对于府学关系的影响逐渐减弱,尤其是在抗战建国的特殊时期,府学关系朝着同命运、共兴亡的目标发展。

The wave for changing university presidents is an important lens to study the relationship between the government and universities during the period of Nanjing national government.Around 1930,agitations for changing presidents spread all over the country.In the struggles,students became an important force that both sides sought to win.The stalemate led to frequent presidential change or presidential absence for months.Conflicts between academic independence and partisanship education,the nationalization of universities and the‘local characteristics’of the presidents as well as factional differences in academia were the main reasons for the game between the government and universities.It is found that the impact of local forces on the relationship between the government and the universities had gradually weakened.The strategy of the central government in governing the universities changed from strong hold to soft governance,especially during the war period of resistance against Japan.Hence,the government began to share weal and woe with the universities,with the fate of the universities linked closely with the government.