法律社会科学的研究范式、问题与出路

Critique on the Premise of Social Sciences of Law:Research Paradigm,Problems and Outlet

法律的社会科学研究采取的是事实中心范式,在此意义上,与法律的诠释或解释学研究所秉持的规范中心范式相分殊。规范中心范式的理论展开所坚持的是合法性的一维结构,其研究重点是对社会关系的法律评价;事实中心范式则侧重法律运行现象的合规律性考察,更加关注法律主体、法律行为、法律关系等范畴的事实面向。如果我们将两种范式向相反的方向作极端化的推演,法律的社会科学研究内在的问题就会暴露:将法律运行现象还原为一种外在的事实,这种外在态度缺乏对法律现象规范属性的关注。可能的出路就在于厘清还原论的限度,以解决迷途忘返的困境和求道于盲的悖论。在研究方法上,必须重视"理解"的基本方法;在外部立场上,必须坚守法学的基本立场;在应用空间上,必须自知自觉其立法的基本面向,迈向立法法理学。

The social science research of law adopts the research paradigm of fact-based,in this sense,it is in line with the normative research paradigm of the hermeneutics of law.The norm-centered paradigm adheres to the one-dimensional structure of Legitimacy,and the legal evaluation of social facts is the focus of its research,and the factual paradigm focuses on the regular investigation of the phenomenon of legal operation,and pays attention to the fact orientation of legal subject,legal behavior,legal relationship and so on.If we take the two paradigms to the opposite direction of extreme extrapolation,we will see the problem of social scientific research of law:to reduce the phenomenon of legal operation to an external fact,to describe it through empirical evidence,to explore the causal mechanism between phenomena,this external attitude lacks attention to the normative attributes.The possible way out lies in how to clarify the boundaries of reductionism and to seek the paradox of blindness.In the research method,we must attach importance to the basic method of understanding;In the external position,we must adhere to the basic position of legal science;In the application space,we must self-understand its basic orientation of legislation.