高密度大城市居民绿地使用偏好及社会人口差异

Use Preference for Urban Green Spaces and Socio-Demographic Differences in a Large Highly-Dense City

高密度大城市绿地供应普遍不足,阐明其居民绿地使用偏好及差异,有利于通过针对性的绿地决策,促进居民的使用,进而充分发挥城市绿地的多重效益。然而,现有研究仅仅关注了居民绿地使用偏好及社会人口特征的少数方面,无法全面揭示居民绿地使用偏好及其在不同社会群体间的差异,而且研究多集中于欧美等发达国家。文章在对绿地使用偏好和社会人口特征拓展的基础上,以广州市为例,全面调查了居民绿地使用偏好及差异;于24个绿地通过系统抽样随机抽选的539位居民完成了调查问卷,采用描述性统计分析了样本特征和居民绿地使用总体偏好,应用因子分析和多元方差分析揭示了绿地使用偏好在社会人口方面的差异。研究结果表明:(1)居民总体上偏爱绿化自然好、游憩设施丰富和方便到达的绿地,绿地规划供应应优先考虑家和办公场所附近,同时重视植被和游憩设施的配置;(2)婚姻状况和年龄对居民绿地使用偏好的影响最为突出,性别、职业和学历等的影响较弱。因此,在城市绿地决策时,尤其需要重视不同婚姻状况和年龄居民的绿地使用偏好的差异。除了社会人口因素,未来研究也应考虑绿地特征对居民使用偏好的影响。

Green spaces in a large highly-dense city are typically very scarce.Clarifying residents'visit preferences for urban green spaces(UGSs)and associated socio-demographic variations help inform targeted decision-making of UGSs and promote their usage,as well as further enhance their multiple benefits including health.However,studies focus on only a few aspects of the use preferences and socio-demographic characteristics,and thus fail to comprehensively reveal the use preferences and relevant variations.And relevant studies largely concentrate in developed countries in USA and Europe.After extending the use preferences and socio-demographic characteristics,the present study comprehensively probed residents'use preferences for UGSs and relevant variations across diverse social groups in Guangzhou,China.539 complete questionnaires were obtained through in-person surveys at 24 green sites across the city with systematic sampling used.Descriptive statistics depicted the sample profile and the general visit preferences for UGSs,while factor analysis and MANOVA revealed the socio-demographic differences.The results indicated:(1)the general visit preference for good greening and naturalness,various recreational facilities and accessibility.UGSs near homes and workplaces with good vegetation design and diverse recreational facilities,therefore,should be prioritized in the planning and provision.(2)Marital status and age most significantly affected the visit preferences,and sex,occupation,education level,and the walking time had the relatively weak effects.Decision-making of UGSs should seriously consider the socio-demographic differences in the use preferences for UGSs,particularly those in relation to marital status and age.Further research should also include characteristics of UGSs besides the socio-demographic factors.