汉日被动句式在从属小句中的使用倾向及其原因探讨——基于口语语料的定量调查

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Passive Constructions'Usage Tendency in Subordinate Clauses:A Quantitative Analysis Based on Spoken Language

本文关注从属小句当中的汉日被动句式,借助定量调查比较两者在口语语料当中的使用倾向,阐述汉日被动句式在语篇当中体现的人文性特征。本文调查发现:(1)汉语被动句式在复句当中与后句的逻辑关系呈现“并列”的比例高,小句与小句之间极少使用连接词,体现了汉语的整体性、注重意合的思维模式。(2)日语“-are-”被动句式与后句的接续关系大多表示顺接性的原因或条件,相比汉语连接词的使用频率更高,体现了日语相对分立性、注重形合的思维模式。(3)相较于复句或者单句句末,汉语和日语的被动句式在口语语料当中都更容易出现在状语从句的位置,也都比较容易成为引发后句所表示某结果产生的原因,体现了被动句式在口语语料中所代表事件的强影响性特征。(4)汉语和日语的被动句式在表“条件”关系的小句中,相比因果关系使用连接词的频率均明显提高,说明汉日表“条件”的小句更加依赖于连接词的使用。

This paper focuses on the Japanese and Chinese passive constructions in subordinate clauses,makes a quantitative survey to compare the similarities and differences of their usage tendency in spoken language,and expounds.the reasons for this tendency from the humanistic characteristics of Chinese and Japanese.The results of this paper are as follows:(1)The passive construction of adverbial clauses in Chinese has a higher proportion of“parallel connection”,and conjunctions are rarely used,which reflects the entire thinking and the parataxis thinking mode in Chinese.(2)Most of the passive construction in Japanese adverbial clauses express reasons or conditions for the consequent connection.Compared with Chinese,the frequency of using conjunctions is higher,which reflects.the relatively discrete and form oriented thinking mode of Japanese.(3)Compared with the end of a complex sentence or a single sentence,both Chinese and Japanese passive sentences are more likely to appear in adverbial clauses and tends to be the cause of the result of the latter sentence,which reflects the strong infuence characteristics of the events represented by the passive sentences in the spoken language.(4)In the context of conditional relation,the frequency of using conjunctions is significantly higher than causal relation in Chinese and Japanese passive sentence patterns,which also shows that the clauses in Chinese-Japanese table“conditions”are more dependent on the use of conjunctions.