对日本提携型有机农业运动的环境社会学考察——基于对有机农业生产者以及消费者的调查

Environmental Sociological Study of the Organic Agriculture Movement(Teikei) in Japan:from a case study between Organic Farmers and Consumers

日本有机农业运动的特征为"提携"。日本提携型有机农业运动是在20世纪60年代公害问题严重的社会背景下产生的,其蕴含着"重新认识社会"、"改造社会"的价值理念。日本政府亦于1989年以后开始在政策层面推广有机农业,但也有学者认为这其实是对以往有机农业运动的延续。本文通过对日本有机农业生产者以及消费者的田野调查,指出具有市民根基的提携型有机农业,具有"改造社会"等价值理念,其区别于政府推行基于JSA有机农业认证、追求有机农产品附加值的产业型有机农业。

In the 1960’s,Japan was faced with serious environmental pollution,such as Minamatadisease. The Organic Agriculture Movement in Japan started in the 1960’s,which took a unique form,Teikei( an alternative distribution system between farmers and consumers based on mutual understanding). Teikeialso promoted a new form of social system.Form 1989,the Japanese government began to promote organic agriculture,and some researchers think it’ s the continuation of the Organic Agriculture Movement(Teikei). In this paper,the organic agriculture promoted by the Japanese government in which the producer must receive organic certification from JAS is considered as organic agriculture(agri-business). As added value of the organic product is the foremost pursuit of the organic agriculture( agri-business),I consider that we should distinguish the two "organic agriculture movements". The organic agriculture( Teikei) suggested the reconstruction and the re-discover of thesociety. This conclusion is based on a case study between organic producers and consumers in Japan.