中日古代的日月食认识——以中国天狗食日月信仰为中心

日月食现象是中日两国自古就很关注的一个自然现象,对其有着各种解读。中国的儒家将日月食现象与帝王的德行联系在一起,这一认识也传入了日本。然而,在现代中国,一提到日月食首先联想到的是天狗食日(月)传说,但日本却并无类似传说。究竟中日古代如何认识日月食现象?中国的天狗食日月信仰从何而来?日本缘何没有接受中国的这一信仰?本文对这些问题进行了详细考察。

The phenomenon of solar and lunar eclipses is a natural phenomenon that has been concerned by China and Japan since ancient times.There are various interpretations of it.Confucianism in China linked the phenomenon of solar and lunar eclipses with the virtues of emperors,which was also introduced into Japan.However,in modern China,the immediate thought of solar and lunar eclipses is associated with the legend of Celestial Dog biting the sun and the moon,but there is no similar legend in Japan.How did ancient China and Japan understand the phenomenon of solar and lunar eclipses?Where did the belief of Celestial Dog biting the sun and the moon come from in China?Why did Japan not accept this belief in China?In this paper,these problems are investigated in details.