后摩尔时代先进集成电路技术展望

Prospects of Advanced Integrated Circuit Technologies in Post-Moore Era

集成电路被誉为现代信息社会的基石,推动了各个产业的发展和进步,深刻影响着人们的生活习惯、工作方式、思维模式。集成电路以摩尔定律为导向发展了60多年,随着工艺节点的不断演进,电路制造和设计成本大幅攀升,产品良率和生产效率开始出现下降的苗头。近年来,一系列新工艺、新材料、新技术被引入集成电路领域,形成了新的应用方式、使用场景、发展路径,为集成电路发展注入强心剂,集成电路后摩尔时代悄然而至。因此,对后摩尔时代先进集成电路主要技术路径及其特点进行梳理具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。文章总结了集成电路沿摩尔定律发展面临的技术困境以及后摩尔时代集成电路的基本特征,归纳了集成电路领域的国内外新近学术进展和研究成果,分析了中国在相关技术路径上的潜力与不足,并提出相应发展对策和可行措施。最后,总结和展望了后摩尔时代先进集成电路技术的未来发展趋势。

As the cornerstone of the modern information society,integrated circuit(IC)has promoted the development of various industries and profoundly affected people’s living habits,work styles,and thinking patterns.So far,Moore’s law-oriented IC has been developed for over 60 years.As process nodes continuously evolve,manufacturing and design costs of IC rise significantly,and the yield and production efficiency of IC begin to decrease.In recent years,new processes,materials,and technologies have been introduced in the IC field,and novel application methods,application scenarios,and development paths have emerged,which boost the development of IC.IC has entered the post-Moore era quietly.Therefore,it is of great research significance and application value to sort out the main technological paths and characteristics of advanced IC in the post-Moore era.This paper firstly analyzes the technological challenges of Moore’s law-oriented IC during development as well as the basic characteristics of IC in the post-Moore era.Then,it reviews recent research progress and achievements of IC both in China and abroad,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of related technological paths in China,and puts forward strategies and measures for promoting the development of IC.Finally,the paper draws conclusions and predicts the future trend of advanced IC technologies in the post-Moore era.