中国极地空天基遥感观测现状与展望

Status and Outlook of China’s Space-based and Airborne Remote Sensing Systems for Polar Regions

南北两极是地球系统的冷源,调节全球能量平衡,蕴藏着丰富的能源和资源,对中国国家安全和可持续发展至关重要。极地地域广阔、环境极端恶劣,遥感技术是观测极地的重要手段。文章分析了国际极地遥感技术发展现状与趋势、中国极地卫星和航空遥感技术现状,提出了面向极地立体观监测的中国极地空天基遥感体系建设发展建议,包括大椭圆轨道卫星、“遥感—通信—助航”一体化卫星和长航时无人机,建设极地全时监测平台,为北极航运开发、极地气候变化研究等提供重要技术支撑。

The North and South Poles are the cold sources of the earth system, which can regulate the global energy balance and have rich energy and resources. They are vital to the national security and sustainable development of China. Remote sensing is an important technology to observe the polar regions due to the vast area and extremely harsh environment. This paper summarizes the situation and trends in international polar remote sensing technologies as well as the status quo of China’s polar satellites and airborne remote sensing technologies. On this basis, it puts forward proposals for the construction and development of China’s airborne and space-based remote sensing systems for the tridimensional monitoring and measurement of polar regions. The further considerations include high elliptical orbit satellites, integrated communications and navigation applications satellite and long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles. The construction of platforms for all-time polar monitoring. They will provide important technical support for the development of Arctic shipping routes and research on polar climate change.