如何探究第一本原?——亚里士多德哲学的归纳方法

How to Investigate the First Principles?The Method of Induction in Aristotle's Philosophy

探究第一本原的方法论对于亚里士多德哲学来说至关重要,而学者们对此的解释存在分歧。直觉论认为,把握第一本原最终要依靠理智直觉;归纳论认为,归纳足以把握第一本原。由于证明无法从结论返回前提,所以探究第一本原需要借助非证明的方法。相比之下,归纳论更有说服力。归纳把握的第一本原是最高形式,而感知的积累足以完成对最高形式的认识。努斯是足以把握第一本原的能力,但它不是直觉论所说的理智直觉,而是感知之内的识别能力。经过深入解释的归纳论不仅明确了亚里士多德的方法论,而且澄清了亚里士多德对本原的理解。

The methodology of the first book is crucial to Aristotelian philosophy,and scholars have given different interpretations of it.According to intuitionalism,the grasp of the first source ultimately depends on intellectual intuition.According to inductivism holds that induction is sufficient to grasp the first principle.Since demonstration cannot return the premises from the conclusion,it is necessary to explore the first principle by means of non-demonstrative method.By contrast,inductivism is more convincing.The first principle apprehended by inductive grasp is the highest form,and the accumulation of perception is sufficient to complete the knowledge of the highest form.Nous is the ability that is sufficient to grasp the first principle,but it is not intellectual intuition,as intuitionalists call it,but recognition within perception.The inductivism that has been thoroughly explained can clarify not only Aristotle's methodology,but also his understanding of principles.