论人与上帝的义务关系——在康德的义务论体系与道德宗教之间

On the Duty Relationship between Human Beings and God Between Kant's Deontological System and Moral Religion

在康德哲学中,人关于非人类存在者的义务问题一直游离于义务论体系外,其中人和上帝的义务关系更为复杂,该问题跨越了康德义务论体系和道德宗教体系。本文将论述,在康德哲学中,人对上帝不存在任何义务。但不存在义务并非完全断绝了人和上帝的关系,人和上帝的义务关系在于,无论是个体还是族群,我们都应当把我们的义务认作上帝的命令。这种应当在个体层面被体现为不断追求道德增益的不完全义务,而在族群层面被体现为通过上帝诫命建立起道德宗教信仰的特殊义务。

In Kant's philosophy,the issue of duties of human beings regarding non-human beings has always been separated from the boundary of the deontological system.The duty relationship between human beings and God is more complicated.This issue crosses the Kantian deontological system and the moral religious system.This article is going to proving that in Kant's philosophy,man has no duty to God.But the absence of duty does not completely sever the relationship between human beings and God.Whether it is an individual or an ethnicity,we should all recognize our duty as divine command of God.This should be embodied at the individual level as an incomplete duty to continuously pursue moral gains,and at the ethnic level as a special duty to establish moral religious beliefs through divine command.