语义学/语用学的分界是否可能?——对Stotts非心智/心智策略的考察

Is The Distinction of Semantic/Pragmatic Possible:An Investigation of Stotts’Non-mental/Mental Strategy

语义学与语用学的分界一直以来被视作当代语言哲学步入"语用学转向"的核心内容,但近来这一分界可能受到"无意义派"的挑战。为了应对这种挑战,Stotts改良了前人的方法,提出了"非心智/心智"(Non-mental/Mental)策略,这种策略以语境中的非心智要素与心智要素作为类别(kind)为语义学与语用学划定了明晰的界限,一言以蔽之,即"非心智的是语义的,心智的是语用的"。经过我们的考察发现,该策略在一些极端的情况下可能会不精确,由此,我们还需把对"言者的普遍意向与特定意向"和"听者对言者意向推断的真假"的考虑纳入到该策略中。经过详尽的论证,"非心智/心智"策略是简明、严谨而有效的,这也回证了语义学/语用学分界的必要性和可行性。

The distinction between semantics and pragmatics has always been regarded as the core content of the contemporary philosophy of language stepping into the"pragmatic turn",but recently,it may be challenged by the"meaningless faction".In order to face this challenge,Stotts improved the previous methods and proposed a distinctive strategy based on the premise of non-mental phenomenon and mental phenomenon.This strategy takes mind as a category to draw a clear boundary,that is,non-mental is semantic,and mental is pragmatic.After detailed argumentation,although some of the details need further consideration,such as"general intention and specific intention and"the truth or falseness of the listener’s inference of the speaker’s intention",may lead to a conclusion contrary to Stotts,but it can not be denied that the non-mental/mental strategy is concise,rigorous and effective,which also proves the necessity and feasibility of semantic/pragmatic distinction.