心智演化与演化伦理学的基础

The Evolution of Mind and the Foundation of Evolutionary Ethics

演化论与伦理学的关系是演化伦理学的基本问题之一,对此问题的回答很大程度取决于研究者如何理解演化论。本文通过对演化伦理学学科史上对演化论的三种理解以及由此而来的三种研究进路的梳理,尝试将演化伦理学奠基于道金斯、丹尼特等人提出的心智演化模型;本文认为,只有在此基础上,演化伦理学才能重获伦理学的学科品格。本文初步讨论了演化伦理学的核心问题,即道德行为的特质和道德观念的竞争。

One of fundamental problems of evolutionary ethics is the relationship between evolutionary theory and ethics.The answer to this problem,to a great degree,depends on how the researcher understands evolutionary theory.This essay,through analyzing three kinds of understandings of evolutionary theory and the resulting three types of approaches to evolutionary ethics,tries to lay evolutionary ethics on an evolutionary mode of mind proposed by Dawkins and Dennett;this essay argues that only on this basis can evolutionary ethics regain the character of ethics.This essay also preliminarily discusses a core problem of evolutionary ethics,i.e.,the characteristic of moral action and the competition of moral ideas.