康德论形而上学的结构:一项基于历史语境的初步考察

Kant on the Structure of Metaphysics:A Preliminary Investigation Based on Historical Context

人们通常默认18世纪德国哲学不加批判地采纳了沃尔夫所发明的形而上学结构。然而,通过更为细致的检验,本文将论证,沃尔夫的后学都以独特的方式吸收了沃尔夫的形而上学框架,因而德国形而上学结构的历史演进呈现了超过预期的多样性。本文还将指出,反讽的是,是康德而非其他理性主义者,才将独断主义的形而上学重构至其最成熟的形式。此外,康德对形而上学结构的双重观念,尽管初看起来存在张力,但却是一贯的、可敬的。

It is widely assumed that the eighteenth-century German philosophy uncritically adopts the structure of metaphysics invented by Wolff.On a closer examination,however,I would like to argue that Wolff's successors appropriate the Woffian metaphysical framework in their own way,and thereby the historical evolution of the structure of the metaphysics in Germany displays more diversity than expected.lronically,it is Kant,rather than any other rationalist,who reconstructs the dogmatic metaphysics in its most developed form.Furthermnore,Kant's twofold vision of the struc-ture of metaphysics,albeit its prima facie tension,is consistent and respect-able.