创新要素空间流动对区域创新能力的影响:外地吸引与本地依赖

The Impact of Spatial Mobility of Innovation Factors on Regional Innovation Capacity: Foreign Attraction and Local Dependence

文章基于2000—2017年省际面板数据,采用引力模型测算创新要素流动,结合空间误差模型探究创新要素空间流动对区域创新能力的影响,并探讨基础设施、户籍制度、研发补贴和市场化程度在其中所扮演的角色。结果显示:(1)不同区域创新能力存在正向空间相关性,区域创新能力的提升不仅依赖于本地的研发人员,也依赖于外地研发人员与研发资本的流入。(2)创新要素流动表现出"极化效应"特征,即在东部地区集聚、西部与东北地区的流出特征,特别是研发人员外流严重抑制了东北和西部地区创新能力的提升。(3)不同因素对创新要素流动的调节作用具有非对称性。其中,基础设施建设和市场化正向激励创新要素对区域创新能力的提升作用,而户籍制度与政府补贴对创新要素流动的作用则相反。

Based on interprovincial panel data from 2000-2017, the article adopts a gravity model to measure innovation factor flows, combines with a spatial error model to investigate the impact of spatial flows of innovation factors on regional innovation capacity, and explores the roles played by infrastructure, household registration system, R&D subsidies and marketization degree. The results show that(1) there is a positive spatial correlation between the innovation capacity of different regions, and the improvement of regional innovation capacity depends not only on local R&D personnel, but also on the inflow of R&D personnel and capital from abroad;(2) the flow of innovation factors shows the characteristic of"polarization effect", i.e. the concentration in the eastern region and the outflow from the western and northeastern regions, and especially the outflow of R&D personnel has seriously inhibited the enhancement of innovation capacity in the northeastern and western regions;(3) the regulatory effect of different factors on the flow of innovation factors is asymmetric, and among them, infrastructure construction and marketization positively incentivize the role of innovation factors on the enhancement of regional innovation capacity, while the household registration system and government subsidies have opposite effects on the flow of innovation factors.