列宁晚年的农村建设思想及其价值意蕴

Ideas and Value Implication on Rural Construction in Lenin’s Later Years

思想的形成都以一定的背景为基础,列宁晚年农村建设思想的形成主要基于三个方面的原因:一是发展马克思恩格斯农村思想与批判其他错误认识的思想动因;二是解决苏俄农村发展中面临问题的实践动因;三是推动苏俄农村向社会主义过渡的直接动因。它以维护农民利益为核心,主要包括实行粮食税、发展农村合作社、提升农民文化水平以及完善农村政权等基本内容。它不仅发展了马克思恩格斯的农村思想,也推动了苏俄向社会主义过渡的进程,还推动了中国革命和新中国成立初期的农业社会主义改造。在新时代,列宁晚年的农村建设思想对于实现乡村振兴、解决农村相对贫困、实现农业农村现代化以及建成社会主义现代化强村也具有十分重要的现实意义。

The formation of ideas is all based on a certain background, and the formation of ideas on rural con-struction in Lenin’s later years consisted of three main reasons: first, the ideological motivation for developingMarx’s and Engels’ rural ideas and criticizing other misconceptions;second, the practical motivation for solv-ing the problems facing rural development in Russia;and third, the direct motivation for promoting the transi-tion to socialism in rural Russia. It is centred on safeguarding the interests of the peasantry, and mainly in-cludes such basic elements as the introduction of a food tax, the development of rural cooperatives, the upgrad-ing of peasants’ culture and the improvement of rural power. It not only develops Marx’s and Engels’ ruralideas, but also advances Russian transition to socialism, as well as the Chinese Revolution and the transforma-tion of agrarian socialism in the early years of the new China. In the new era, Lenin’s ideas of rural construc-tion in his later years are also of great practical significance for the revitalization of the countryside, the resolu-tion of relative rural poverty, the modernization of the agricultural countryside and the building of a socialist,modern and strong village.