列宁社会主义国家观研究

A Study of Lenin’s View of Socialist State

马克思和恩格斯认为,国家是社会阶级矛盾不可调和的产物,社会主义国家是资本主义社会阶级矛盾和阶级斗争的结果。还认为,从资本主义到共产主义中间有一个"过渡时期",即社会主义社会,与此相适应的还有政治上的过渡,即无产阶级专政的国家。列宁在《国家与革命》等一系列著作中全面而深入地阐发了马克思与恩格斯关于"过渡时期"的社会主义国家理论,明确指出"过渡时期"自始至终都需要有国家的存在,这种国家就是无产阶级专政;在产品分配领域需要保留"资产阶级法权";社会发展的目标是逐步走向国家的"自行消亡",实现"自由人共同体"的共产主义。

Marx and Engels believe that the state is the irreconcilable product of social class contradictions,and the socialist state is the result of class contradictions and class struggles in capitalist society.They alsoconsider that there is a"transition period"between capitalism and communism,i.e.a socialist society,accom-panied by a political transition,i.e.a state of dictatorship of the proletariat.In a series of works such as TheState and Revolution,Lenin comprehensively and thoroughly elaborates Marx’s and Engels’theory of the so-cialist state during the"transitional period".He clearly states that the"transitional period"requires the exis-tence of the State from the beginning and throughout and such a State is the dictatorship of the proletariat.The"bourgeois juridical right"needs to be preserved in the area of product distribution.The goal of social develop-ment is to gradually move towards the"self-extinction"of the State and to realize communism as a"communi-ty of freemen".