从分野到共存:约瑟夫斯对犹太、希腊和罗马文明的历史书写

From Schism to Coexistence:Josephus's Historical Writings on Jewish,Greek,and Roman Civilization

约瑟夫斯是公元1世纪的犹太祭司和将军,参加过犹太战争并在战败后投降罗马,成为一名犹太裔罗马人。他以犹太文化为傲,最早提出以上帝为世界唯一主宰的神本史观,构建了一种以犹太人为中心的世界历史叙述体系。约瑟夫斯熟悉希腊史学,用希腊语写作,向希腊—罗马世界宣传犹太人和犹太教。约瑟夫斯参与犹太人和希腊人的论战,批驳希腊人对犹太人的不实指责,竭力捍卫犹太文明。约瑟夫斯积极为弗拉维皇族统治的合法性辩护,大力调和犹太人和罗马人的关系,还试图在著作中给犹太人、帕提亚等东方诸民族制造一种对罗马人的恐惧。约瑟夫斯以犹太人和罗马人的双重身份自居,呼吁各民族和平相处,体现了他对犹太文明与希腊文明、罗马文明从分野到共存的期望。他的写作向希腊人和罗马人宣传了犹太人和犹太文明,成为罗马史学和犹太史学中不可或缺的一页。

Josephus was a Jewish priest and general in the first century A.D.,who fought in the Jewish War and surrendered to Rome as a Jewish Roman after losing the war.He was proud of Jewish culture,and he was the first to put forward the view of God as the sole dominus of the world history,and constructed a Jewish-centered narrative system of world history.Josephus was familiar with Greek history,writing in the Greek language,and promoting Judaism and Judaism to the Greco-Roman world.Josephus took part in the controversy between the Jews and the Greeks,refuted the false accusations made by the Greeks against the Jews,and tried his best to defend Jewish civilization.Josephus vigorously defended the legitimacy of the Flavian imperial clan and reconciled the Jews with the Romans,he also tried to create a fear of the Romans among the Jews,the Parthia and other Eastern peoples.Josephus,who claimed to be both Jewish and Roman,called on all nations to live together in disagreement and peace,reflecting his expectation of Jewish civilization,Greek civilization and Roman civilization from separation to coexistence.His writings propagated the Jews and Jewish civilization to the Greeks and Romans,and became an indispensable page in Roman and Jewish history.