罗伯特·帕尔默的“大西洋革命”观与当今大西洋史研究

Robert R. Palmer's View of“Atlantic Revolution”and the Study of Current Atlantic History

20世纪50年代,美国历史学家罗伯特·R.帕尔默提出的“大西洋革命”论点及大西洋革命史研究,克服了民族国家史学神化本国历史、强调本国历史独特性的不足,为美国革命和法国革命研究提供了新范式、新视角和新内容。由于冷战时代的政治背景和学术趋向,他的大西洋革命史研究引起了当时左派史学家和后世大西洋史学家的批评,并没有在当时史学界产生重大影响。冷战之后,语言转向和文化转向相对退潮,跨国史和全球史兴起,他奠基的大西洋史得到复兴并在时空上得到拓展,这也足以说明其大西洋革命史遗产的重要性。帕尔默大西洋革命史的遗产在于论点和方法的突破性与创新性,对当下的大西洋史研究具有重要的启迪和借鉴意义。

In the 1950s,Robert R.Palmer,an American historian,proposed the“Atlantic Revolution”thesis and the study of the history of Atlantic revolution,which made up for the shortcomings of the historiography of nation states in deifying their own history and emphasizing the uniqueness of their own history,and provided a new paradigm,a new perspective and a new content for the study of the American revolution and the French Revolution.Due to the political background and academic trend of the Cold War era,his research on the history of the Atlantic Revolution aroused criticism from leftist historians of the time and later Generations of Atlantic historians,but did not have a significant influence in the history of that time.After the Cold War,the linguistic and cultural turn receded,transnational and global history emerged,and the Atlantic history,which he founded,revived and expanded in time and space,which is enough to show the importance of his legacy of the Atlantic revolution.The legacy of his Atlantic revolutionary history lies in the breakthrough and innovation of his arguments and methods,which has important enlightenment and reference significance for the current study of Atlantic history.