冷战时期美国对外文化战略中的私人基金会

Private Foundations in the US Foreign Cultural Strategy during the Cold War

美国的对外文化战略是理想主义和现实主义相结合的产物,是文化输出型战略,具有扩张性和渗透性。冷战时期的美国对外文化战略服务于美国政府的“遏制”政策,其核心就是围绕“文化冷战”进行的对外文化扩张与渗透。私人基金会是重要的具有美国特色的非政府组织,是美国对外文化战略的重要参与者和执行者。冷战期间,私人基金会参与美国对外文化战略,一方面是在战略层面发挥智库的作用,另一方面是在战术层面参与执行具体的文化事务活动。基金会在冷战时期美国对外文化战略中的历史作用可以概括为:推销美国主义,打击反美主义,建构文化霸权。

The U.S.foreign cultural strategy is the product of a combination of idealism and realism,and is a cultural export strategy with expansion and penetration.During the Cold War,the U.S.foreign cultural strategy served the U.S.government's“containment”strategy,and its core was the outward cultural expansion and infiltration around the“cultural Cold War”.Private foundations are important non-governmental organizations with American characteristics,and they are important participants and implementers of the U.S.foreign cultural strategy.During the Cold War,private foundations participated in the U.S.foreign cultural strategy by playing the role of think tanks at the strategic level,and by participating in the implementation of specific cultural affairs at the tactical level.The historical role of foundations in the U.S.foreign cultural strategy during the Cold War can be summarized as:promoting Americanism,combating anti-Americanism,and constructing cultural hegemony.