西方冷水浴养生说在近代东亚的传播

The Spread of Western Theory of Cold Bath Health Preservation in Modern East Asia

冷水浴养生说发源于西方,而且非常兴盛。冷水浴大约在公元前2世纪前后,在欧洲开始被用作一种治疗疾病的方法。在18世纪中期以后,冷水浴被引为一种健身的方式,成为西方社会健康与勇气的象征。但是,到19世纪后期,冷水浴在西方人的实践中频繁出现问题,甚至是死亡事件,加之新闻传播的影响力,西方医学界对此产生争论,并形成两种近乎对立的观点。而此时恰值西学东渐的大潮流,西方冷水浴养生说传入日本和中国。日本人基于民族主义的考虑,在推广冷水浴过程中,多宣传其积极作用,而忽略甚至反对其对人体产生消极影响的观点。近代中国则忽略来自西方的真实的冷水浴养生说观点,而接受来自日本的观点。因此,国人在冷水浴实践中不仅没有从中获益,而且起到反作用。

The theory of cold bath health preservation originated in the West and is very prosperous.Cold bath began to be used as a treatment for diseases in Europe around the 2nd century BC.After the mid-18th century,cold bath was introduced as a way of fitness and became a symbol of health and courage in western society.However,by the late 19th century,cold bath had frequent problems in the practice of Westerners,even leading to death.Coupled with the influence of news communication,the Western medical community had a debate on this and formed two almost opposite views.At this time,it coincided with the trend of Western learning spreading to the East,and the western theory of cold bath preservation was introduced into Japan and China.Based on the consideration of nationalism,in the process of promoting cold bath,the Japanese publicized its positive role,ignoring or even opposing its negative impact on the human body.Modern China ignored the real viewpoint of cold bath health preservation from the West and accepted the viewpoint from Japan.Therefore,Chinese people not only do not benefit from cold bath practice,but also played a counterproductive role.