全球史视域下的世界环境史书写:理论、实践与问题

Writing of World Environmental History from the Perspective of Global History:Theory,Practice and Problem

全球史的写作愿景带有世界主义倾向,它顺应了全球化的时代精神。世界各地已经在各个层面上相互关联,孤立地理解和诠释各种进程已无法做到。环境史将这种世界主义推广到人类与自然,尤其注重其中的生态进程例如环境和气候。全球史的写作正是出于对全球关联的体察。得益于全球史书写理念的勃兴,已诞生一批世界通史性质的环境史著作。对全球史写作路径的理论总结,则为梳理和归类世界环境史著作提供了恰当的分析框架。在选题、视野、价值取向等方面,环境史与全球史两者也有着天然的契合度。在全球史跨地区、跨国别的性质之上,环境史更增加了跨学科的书写难度,其中暴露出的一些问题在既有著作中有明显的体现。而书写未来的世界环境史必然要依靠学科组群的总体智慧,综合各个领域的专家之力,协同编纂人类与自然的共同历史。

The vision of global history is cosmopolitanism,which conforms to the"Zeitgeist"of globalization.The world is already interconnected at all levels,and it is no longer possible to understand and interpret large-scale processes in isolation.Environmental history extends this cosmopolitan process to human and nature,with particular attention to ecological process such as environment and climate.The writing of global history is based on the observation of global connections.Thanks to the writing concept of global history,a number of world environmental histories have been published.The theory of the writing path of global history provides an appropriate analytical framework for classifying the world environmental historiography.Moreover,in terms of topic selection,field of vision,value orientation etc.,environmental history and global history also have a natural fit.In addition to the trans-regional and trans-national character of global history,environmental history makes it more difficult to write across disciplines.Certain difficulties and some related problems are clearly reflected in existing works.Therefore,to write world environmental history in the future must rely on the collective wisdom of cluster of disciplines,and gathering the experts in various fields to jointly compile the history of mankind and nature.