“巴尔干战争”的他者叙事与巴尔干主义话语——以《卡内基报告》为中心的考察

The Other Narrative of the Balkan Wars and the Discourseof Balkanism:An Analysis Focusing on the Report of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

1912—1913年的巴尔干战争是第一次世界大战之前的一场战况激烈、内情复杂的地区冲突。美国卡内基国际和平基金会作为一个具有重要国际影响力的非政府组织,组织国际委员会对巴尔干战争进行调查在当时是一种新的国际干预行为。为实现政治目的,这个“独立机构”的调查报告对巴尔干战争的看法充满巴尔干主义偏见,将巴尔干战争的起因及期间的暴力行为归结于根深蒂固的古老仇恨和种族矛盾。这种巴尔干主义话语在表达“文明世界”的“人道主义”关切之时,使报告成为帝国主义干预巴尔干的工具,也为后来美国干预巴尔干的行动提供了文本支持。

The Balkan wars of 1912-1913 were very fierce and complicated regional conflicts before the Great War.As a non-governmental organization with important international influence,the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace sent an international commission to investigate the Balkan wars,which was a new international intervention at that time.For political purposes,the impartial review of the Balkan wars by this independent body was riddled with Balkanism discourse,and the report traced the origin and atrocity of the Balkan wars to deeprooted old hatreds and ethnic tensions.In addition to expressing the humanitarian concerns of the civilized world,this Balkanism discourse made the report a tool of empire,providing strong textual support for later American interventions in the Balkans.